Hispanic Names

If it seems that Hispanic people have longer names than their English speaking counterparts, it's because they usually do. One extreme example is Pablo Picasso. His full name is "Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso." Hispanic names tell a story. You can learn a lot about a Spanish-speaker from their full name.

Spanish Last Names (Surnames)

Hispanics usually have two last names or "apellidos." The first surname is their father's surname (known as the "apellido paterno"), and the second surname is their mother's maiden name (the "apellido materno"). Some examples:

Juan has a father whose surname is "García" and a mother whose maiden name is "Reyes." Carla has a father whose surname name is "Rodriguez" and a mother whose maiden name is "Calderón." In some places a "y" is used to separate the last names (e.g. "Carla Rodriguez y Calderón"). In this way, the mother's maiden name is preserved a generation longer than in the traditional English custom. Some English speakers are also adopting this concept by using the mother's maiden name as a middle name for a child.

Informally Juan García Reyes would simply be addressed as "Juan García" or "Señor García." Carla Rodriguez Calderón would simply be referred to as "Carla Rodriguez" or "Señorita Rodriguez."

Examples of the full names of famous Latinos:

Many Hispanic last names are historical occupations (e.g. "Molinero" = miller, "Herrero" = blacksmith). Some are physical descriptions (e.g. "Delgado" = thin) and some are descriptions of where a person was from (e.g. "De La Vega" = from the meadow). Also, many Hispanic last names end in "-es" or "-ez" which is a way of signifying a parent (e.g. "Fernandez" = son of Fernando, "Ramirez" = son of Ramiro).

Some common Hispanic last names:

Spanish Married Last Names

When two people get married, there is a decision to be made about last names. In some countries a woman's name will not change at all, but in other places a woman will drop her second surname and replace it with her husband's first surname. Let's say that Juan and Carla from the above example meet, fall in love, and get married:

	husband:	wife:
original name:	Juan García Reyes	Carla Rodriguez Calderón
married name:	Juan García Reyes	Carla Rodriguez Calderón or Carla Rodriguez García or Carla Rodriguez de García or Carla Rodriguez Calderón de García

Juan's name will not change, but Carla's might change to "Carla Rodriguez García." She may also include a "de" to indicate that her name is due to a marriage; "Carla Rodriguez de García." Or she could even keep entire name and add "de García" to the end; "Carla Rodriguez Calderón de García."

This idea is also appearing in the English-speaking world where a woman will hyphenate her maiden name with her new husband's last name.

Children's Last Names

Now let's say that Juan and Carla have a son, Felipe. Felipe's complete last name will be a combination of his parents' lastnames, first Juan's (first) last name then Carla's (first) last name. The same thing will happen If they have a daughter, Gabriela:

father's name:	Juan García Reyes
mother's name:	Carla Rodriguez García
son's name:	Felipe García Rodriguez
daughter's name:	Gabriela García Rodriguez

Some Hispanics living in North America have begun hyphenating their last names to avoid confusion on forms and paperwork in a traditional English system. So that he doesn't inadvertently become "Felipe G. Rodriguez" on his first driver's license, Felipe may fill-out the paperwork as "Felipe García-Rodriguez."

Spanish First Names

Spanish speakers also tend to have more "first names" than English speakers. This can be for a variety of reasons. Traditionally, many Hispanic children were named after saints, especially the patron saint of their birthday. More names were then added in honor of other saints (thereby increasing divine protection) or to honor other relatives. Many traditional names (like "Ana") are so popular that a second (or third) name is included to avoid any confusion (e.g. "Ana María" vs. "Ana Lucía").

There is a huge variety of Spanish first names just as there is in English. Many names (especially Biblical ones) have English equivalents (José = Joseph, María = Mary, Juan = John, Miguel = Michael, Mateo = Matthew, etc.). Many names (especially indigenous ones) cannot be translated (e.g. Xochil, Ximena). Names that would be considered normal or popular in one country may not be used at all in another. And sometimes Hispanic people have names that just seem out of place, like "Jessica," "Giovanni," "Vladimir" or even "Lenin."

Now would be a good time to note that even if a Spanish name has an English equivalent, you shouldn't translate it: "José Reyes" does not become "Joseph Kings."

Here is a list of some popular Hispanic first names::

More on Hispanic Names

Spanish Middle Names

Spanish does not use a "middle name" per se, but rather the second first name ("segundo nombre") is considered the middle name when filling out paperwork.

Spanish Titles

Spanish titles are very similar to English with one exception. Don is used as sign of respect for an important or wealthy man. This loosely translates to "Sir" in English. The female equivalent is doña.

English:	Spanish:	abbrev.:
Mr.	señor	Sr.
Mrs.	señora	Sra.
Ms.	señorita	Srta.
Sir	don	D.
Lady	doña	Dña.
Dr.	doctor(-a)	Dr. / Dra.

Notice that Spanish titles are not capitalized but their abbreviations are.

Spanish Nicknames

Just as in English, many Spanish speakers receive nicknames (whether they want them or not). Some people are given nicknames (or "apodos") based on ancestry (e.g. Chino = "Chinese guy," Ruso = "the Russian"), or personal characteristics (e.g. Gusano = "the worm," Maquina = "the machine," Clavo = "nail"). In Sandra Cisneros' book, Caramelo, a character is nicknamed "Reloj" because one arm is longer than the other.

Some nicknames are just variations or abbreviations of given names. Some common nicknames:

name:	nickname:
Adolfo	Fito
Alicia	Licha
Antonio	Toño
Concepción	Concha
Dolores	Lola
Eduardo	Lalo
Francisca	Paca
Francisco	Paco
Ignacio	Nacho
Jesús	Chuy
José	Pepe, Chepe
Josefa	Pepa
Rosario	Charo

Spanish Name Suffixes

If English speaking parents want to name their son after his father it's necessary to include a suffix (like "junior," "the second," or "II"). This isn't actually necessary for Spanish speaking parents. Since the mother's maiden name becomes part of the child's last name, it's not possible for a father and son to share the exact same full name.

However, to avoid confusion Hispanics may use the diminutive to refer to the child (e.g. "Juancito García") or they may even borrow from English and call the child "junior" (pronounced "yunior"). Hispanics may also add "segundo" to the name (e.g. "Juan García, segundo") or refer to father and son as "padre" and "hijo" (e.g. "Juan García, padre" and "Juan García, hijo").